LIGHTINING AND THUNDERSTORM

-

LIGHTNING:- Lightning is a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, the air, or the ground. In the early stages of development, air acts as an insulator between the positive and negative charges in the cloud and between the cloud and the ground.



CAUSES OF LIGHTNING:-It starts when an electric current forms in a cloud. When the ground is hot, it heats up the air directly above it. As warm air rises, the cloud expands, getting bigger and bigger. However, the whole cloud isn’t warm. In the tops of clouds, temperatures are actually below freezing. It’s so cold that the water vapor turns into ice!

When this hot air and cold air meet, a thunderstorm forms. A lot of tiny pieces of ice bump into each other as they frantically move around within the cloud. This is the beginning of a lightning bolt. These particles slamming into each other create an electrical charge.

As the cloud fills up with electrical charges, lighter positively-charged particles form at the top of the cloud. The heavier negatively-charged particles sink to the bottom. When both charges grow large enough, lightning occurs between them.

                                                   HOW TO ATTRACT TOWARDS TREES

Lightning heads from the cloud towards the ground and becomes a danger to those outdoors when a buildup of positive charge forms on the ground beneath the cloud. This is attracted to the negative charge at the bottom of the cloud, so it concentrates around anything that sticks up into the air. That’s why trees, air-traffic control towers, and even people make great lightning conductors! The positive charge from the ground connects with the negative charge from the cloud, creating cloud-to-ground lightning.

Despite the appearance of the lightning strike coming down from the cloud, the positive charge reaching up from the ground causes a white hot bolt of lightning to fracture the skyline.

                                                                       lightning

Inside a storm cloud, dust and ice particles rub against each other and become charged. Then the positively and negatively charged grains separate, creating a massive pent-up electrical charge. When the resulting electrical discharge leaps to the ground, a lighting strike occurs. Lightning will often ionize the surrounding air molecules, giving the strike its distinctive blue-violet tinge.
HOW TO FORM CHARGES IN CLOUDS
Water droplets and ice crystals in a cloud have electric charges, positive and negative ones. Lightning happens when too many negative charges build up in a cloud and positive charges develop on the ground.
The particles want to meet and race towards each other. A flash of lightning is a sign of this meeting. Such a charge of light  can be very hot, up to 20,000 degrees Celsius. It can be up to 5 km long. Large clouds produce more electric charges and eventually a very strong electric current.

Lightning can also occur between two clouds or within a single cloud. In rare cases negative charges can form on the ground and lighting moves upwards, as is the case when a rocket starts.
Lightning strikes very quickly, several times within a second, but single bolts of lightning are impossible to see with a naked eye. A series of such bolts appear as a single flash.

Thunder accompanies lightning. It forms when electricity travels quickly through the air and starts vibrating. The hot air surrounding a bolt of lightning causes the air to expand, causing noise.

Types of Lightning
  • Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning . 
  • Cloud-to-Air  Lightning. 
  • Ground-to-Cloud  Lightning. 
  • Intracloud  Lightning. 
  • Cloud-to-Cloud  Lightning (or intercloud lightning),.

When that amount of energy enters your body, it short-circuits the electric signals that run your heart, lungs and nervous system. This could cause:

  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Brain Injury
  • Seizures
  • Spinal Cord Damage
  • Amnesia
👉Protect Yourself from Lightning Strikes↴
  1. Immediately get off elevated areas such as hills, mountain ridges, or peaks.
  2. Never lie flat on the ground. 
  3. Never shelter under an isolated tree.
  4. Never use a cliff or rocky overhang for shelter.
  5. Immediately get out of and away from ponds, lakes, and other bodies of water.





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ATOM(PARAMANU),HISTORY

-
Image
ATOM - An atom is  the basic building block of chemistry . It is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. MAHARSHI KANADA- Kaṇada proposes that  paramanu (atom) is an indestructible particle of matter . The atom is indivisible because it is a state at which no measurement can be attributed. He used invariance arguments to determine properties of the atoms. He also stated that anu can have two states — absolute rest and a state of motion.                                                     M aharshi kanada Maharshi Kanad  is on...
Read more

LUMPY SKIN DISEASE VIRUS(LSDV)

-
Image
  LUMPY VIRUS: - Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of an important disease of cattle in Africa.  Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSDV is one of the most important animal poxviruses because of the serious economic consequences in cattle. The World Organization for Animal Health182 categorizes LSD as a notifiable disease.182 It is characterized by fever, reduced milk production and skin nodules. Mastitis, swelling of peripheral lymph nodes, loss of appetite, increased nasal discharge and watery eyes are also common. Temporary or permanent infertility occur among infected cows and bulls. The disease can cause high morbidity and low mortality.183,184 Secondary bacterial infection in the affected skin lesions can increase the severity and prolong the course of the disease. The analysis of prevalent bacterial communities in affected lesion we...
Read more

DALTON'S THOUGHTS ON ATOMIC STRUCTURE

-
Image
Structure of Atom - The existence of atoms has been proposed since the time of early Indian and Greek philosophers (400 B.C.) who were of the view that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter. According to them, the continued subdivisions of matter would ultimately yield atoms which would not be further divisible. The word ‘atom’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘ a-tomio ’ which means ‘uncut-able’ or ‘non-divisible’. These earlier ideas were mere speculations and there was no way to test them experimentally. These ideas remained dormant for a very long time and were revived again by scientists in the nineteenth century. The atomic theory of matter was first proposed on a firm scientific basis by John Dalton, a British school teacher in 1808. His theory, called Dalton’s atomic theory, regarded the atom as the ultimate particle of matter (Unit 1). Dalton’s atomic theory was able to explain the law of conservation of mass, law of constant composition and law of multipl...
Read more